1. 阿q頭上的烏氈帽哪裡來的
很多東西都是沒有辦法解釋的。
2. 關於一個人發生故事及背景英語比如時間地點人物
這些都是我平常從別的網頁上積累的 供您挑選 望採納 找這么多不容易啊 Once upon a time, ther a . The maimed . He couldn't out to eat. He very hungry and thirsty. He sa sheep. "If you bring me the ," he said, "I find to get some food." But the sheep said , "if I bring you the , then I be your food." 狼和羊 很久很久以前,這里有一隻狼。他受傷了。他不能外出捕食。他感到又餓又渴,這時,他看見一隻羊。「你給我一點水解渴」,他說,「我就能自己去尋找食物了。」 「是呀」,羊回答說,「如果我給你送水喝,那麼我就會成為你的食物。」 Once upon a time, a mountain shaked . People came from far and near to see happen. "A river be appear." a people said ." soon have a dragon appear." another man said . After the day, a mouse jumped out from there. 山 很久以前,一座大山隆隆作響,搖晃起來。遠近各處的人都來看是怎麼回事。 一個人說:"要出現一條大河了。" 另一個人說:"准會出現一條巨龍。" 等了幾天之後,山坡上終於裂開一條小縫,卻蹦出來一隻耗子。 Big Head 「All the kids make fun of me」the boy cried to his mother.「They say I have a big head」 「Don't listen to them.」his mother comforted him.「You have a beautiful head .No crying and go to the store for ten pounds of potatoes」 「's the shopping bag?」 「I haven't got one,use your hat.」 大腦袋 「所有的孩子都拿我開玩笑,」小男孩哭著跟媽媽說:「他們說我長了一個大腦袋。」 「別聽他們的,」他媽媽安慰說:「你的腦袋長得很漂亮。好了,別哭了,去商店買10磅土豆來。」 「購物袋在哪?」 「我沒有購物袋,就用你的帽子吧。」 The Thirsty Pigeon口渴的鴿子 A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, sa goblet of painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she fle it a loud and un dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her by the blow, she fell to the ground, and caught by one of the bystanders. Zeal should not outrun discretion. 有隻鴿子口渴得很難受,看見畫板上畫著一個水瓶,以為是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飛過 去,不料一頭碰撞在畫板上,折斷了翅膀,摔在地上,被人輕易地捉住了。 這是說,有些人想急於得到所需的東西,一時沖動,草率從事,就會身遭不幸。 The Raven and the S烏鴉和天鵝 A RAVEN sa S and desired to secure for himself the same beautiful plumage. Supposing that the S's splendid color arose from his in the in he s, the Raven left the altars in the neighborhood he picked up his living, and took up residence in the lakes and pools. But cleansing his feathers as often as he , he could not change their color, through of food he perished. Change of habit cannot alter Nature. 烏鴉非常羨慕天鵝潔白的羽毛。他猜想天鵝一定是經常洗澡,羽毛才變得如此潔白無 瑕。於是,他毅然離開了他賴以生存的祭壇,來到江湖邊。他天天洗刷自己的羽毛,不但一 點都沒洗白,反而因缺少食物飢餓而死。 這故事是說,人的本性不會隨著生活方式的改變而改變。 The Goat and the Goatherd 山羊與牧羊人 A GOATHERD had sought to bring back a stray goat to his flock. He and sounded his horn in vain; the straggler paid no attention to the summons. At last the Goatherd thre stone, and breaking its horn, begged the Goat not to tell his master. The Goat replied, ", you silly fellow, the horn speak though I be silent." Do not attempt to hide things cannot be hid. 很多山羊被牧羊人趕到羊圈裡。有一隻山羊不知在吃什麼好東西,單獨落在後面。牧羊 人拿起一塊石頭扔了過去,正巧打斷了山羊的一隻角。牧羊人嚇得請求山羊不要告訴主人, 山羊說:「即使我不說,又怎能隱瞞下去呢?我的角已斷了,這是十分明顯的事實。」 這故事說明,明顯的罪狀是無法隱瞞的。 The Miser守財奴 A MISER sold all that he had and bought a lump of gold, he buried in a hole in the ground by the side of an old and to look at daily. One of his observed his frequent visits to the spot and decided to his movements. He soon discovered the secret of the hidden treasure, and digging down, came to the lump of gold, and stole it. The Miser, on his next visit, found the hole empty and began to tear his hair and to make loud lamentations. A neighbor, seeing him overcome grief and learning the cause, said, "Pray do not grieve so; but go and take a stone, and place it in the hole, and fancy that the gold is still lying there. It do you quite the same service; for the gold there, you had it not, as you did not make the slightest use of it." 有個守財奴變賣了他所有的家產,換回了金塊,並秘密地埋在一個地方。他每天走去看 看他的寶藏。有個在附近放羊的牧人留心觀察,知道了真情,趁他走後,挖出金塊拿走了。 守財奴再來時,發現洞中的金塊沒有了,便捶胸痛哭。有個人見他如此悲痛,問明原因後, 說道:「喂,朋友,別再難過了,那塊金子雖是你買來的,但並不是你真正擁有的。去拿一 塊石頭來,代替金塊放在洞里,只要你心裡想著那是塊金子,你就會很高興。這樣與你擁有 真正的金塊效果沒什麼不同。依我之見,你擁有那金塊時,也從沒用過。」 這故事說明,一切財物如不使用等於沒有。 The and the Lamb 狼與小羊 , meeting a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the 's right to eat him. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I not then born." Then said the , "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the , "You drink of my ." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank , for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon the seized him and ate him up, saying, "! I 't remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations." The tyrant al find a pretext for his tyranny. 一隻小羊在河邊喝水,狼見到後,便想找一個名正言順的借口吃掉他。於是他跑到上游,惡狠狠地說小羊把河水攪渾濁了,使他喝不到清水。小羊回答說,他僅僅站在河邊喝水,並且又在下游,根本不可能把上游的水攪渾。狼見此計不成,又說道:「我父親去年被你罵過。」小羊說,那時他還沒有出生。狼對他說:「不管你怎樣辯解,反正我不會放過 你。」 這說明,對惡人做任何正當的辯解也是無效的。 The Bat and the 蝙蝠與黃鼠狼 A BAT fell upon the ground and caught by a pleaded to be spared his life. The refused, saying that he by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he not a bird, but a mouse, and thus set free. Shortly after the Bat again fell to the ground and caught by another , he like entreated not to eat him. The said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped. It is to turn circumstances to good account. 蝙蝠掉落在地上,被黃鼠狼叼去,他請求饒命。黃鼠狼說絕不會放過他,自己生來痛恨鳥類。蝙蝠說他是老鼠,不是鳥,便被放了。後來蝙蝠又掉落了下來,被另一隻黃鼠狼叼住,他再三請求不要吃他。這只黃鼠狼說他恨一切鼠類。蝙蝠改口說自己是鳥類,並非老 鼠,又被放了。這樣,蝙蝠兩次改變了自己的名字,終於死裡逃生。 這故事說明,我們遇事要隨機應變方能避免危險
3. 紹興三烏"烏乾菜","烏氈帽","烏蓬船"英語如何翻譯
"dark dried vegetable", "dark felt cap ", "old styled shed boat ".
紹興霉乾菜(又稱烏乾菜)是紹興傳統的"六霉"食品之一,也是紹興三烏:"烏乾菜"、"烏氈帽"、"烏蓬船"之一,歷史悠久、風味獨特。該文主要介紹了霉乾菜的來歷、風味特點及原料、腌制工藝、成品的質量指標等。英文翻譯:
Shaoxing moulded dried vegetable, also called dark dried vegetable, was one of Shaoxing traditional "six moulded" foods and also one of the three of Shaoxing dark dried vegetable, including "dark dried vegetable", "dark felt cap ", "old styled shed boat ". The moulded dried vegetable had a long history and a special flavor. This paper mainly introced the origination, flavor characters of the proct, materials, salting technology, and quality indexes of end procts.
4. 烏紗烏帽的意思,兩袖清風的意思 (聯系《兩袖清風》這個故事來理解
烏紗烏帽,黑帽。兩袖清風,除了清風以外什麼都沒有,表示這人很端正
5. 神鳥的故事
依爾特戈爾可汗回到家後,覺得很不甘心。於是,第二天,可汗又去山林里找神鳥。可汗來到萬年古松下,像上次那樣,不費吹灰之力就把神鳥捉住了。
在回家的時候,神鳥對可汗說:「要不我再給您講個故事吧?」「別,」可汗說,「這次,我給你講個故事。聽了故事,你既不能唉聲嘆氣,也不許悶頭不語。不然你就得跟我回去。」神鳥猶豫了一會兒,說:「好吧,您開始講吧。」
可汗說:「對狗來說,最好吃的莫過於肉了,狗為了能吃到肉,就是挨一頓打也願意。」
「這條狗事一個窮人家裡養的狗,每天吃的是剩飯殘渣,只有到了逢年過節,它才能啃上一塊骨頭。」
「一次,狗路過一個小鎮,有一輛馬車從它身旁疾馳而過。狗用它十分靈敏的鼻子嗅了嗅,好香的味道啊!」
「狗知道那車上拉的是肉,便悄悄地跟在後面。拉車的馬越跑越快,狗窮追不舍。」
「當馬車跑在一個很陡而且路面高低不平的下坡時,車顛簸得很厲害,車上的一件東西掉了下來。狗跑過去一看,原來是一塊很大的肉,狗饞得直流口水。」
「狗把肉叼了起來,又沒有了注意。在這里吃嗎?不行,一旦有同伴看見,就會來爭奪。狗叼著肉朝遠處一看,河對岸有一片小樹林,那裡是個最理想的吃掉這塊肉的地方了。」
「狗叼著肉朝那條河走去,走到河水中時,狗不經意地朝河裡一看,水裡竟然還有一條狗。狗不知道其實那是自己的影子。狗看見河裡的狗口中叼著的肉比自己這塊大恨多。狗要那塊大的肉,便立即張開嘴,去奪那塊大肉。」
「狗一張口,肉掉在河裡,被河水沖走了。狗又望望河裡的那條狗,它的嘴也沒有肉了。」
「兩塊肉都沒有了,這個結果令狗沮喪不已。」
「唉!」神鳥嘆了口氣說,「這狗也挺可憐的,不過要是它沒那麼貪心,就能吃上一塊肉了。」
可汗高興地說:「你嘆氣了。你要信守諾言,跟我回去。」神鳥無可奈何地說:「好吧。」
可汗和神鳥一起回家去了。
6. 烏拉拉魔法帽在哪啊
烏拉拉魔法帽在青木森林魔法學院蔚藍海岸的沙在水旁地下室的時光機的舊螺絲
7. 日本帽子
在日本叫烏帽子,上身是圓領袍
中國有烏紗,「所謂『烏紗』,即黑色的麻紗所織的布,古代常作為頭巾或襆頭(一種冠名),『烏紗帽』之名,最早見於南朝劉宋時……《宋書》的作者沈約是將它列入『服妖 』即奇裝異服之內,予以抨擊的。在這以後,除了隋代初年曾因『高祖常著烏紗帽,自朝貴以下,至於冗吏,通著入朝』(《隋書·禮儀志七》),成為官帽之外,長期都不是官帽,而是平民所用的便帽……在白居易的《同諸客嘲雪中馬上妓》一詩中,妓女頭戴烏紗帽;在《水滸傳》第七十回中,梁山好漢之一的聖手書生肖讓也戴著烏紗帽。只是在明代,烏紗帽才成為官帽」
8. 各位英語高手請進
My sister is ten years old this year. She is in Grade five. She has a red and round cheek and a big clean pair of eyes. Under her black hair are two curved eyebrows like
crescent moon. She has a row of white teeth which lack a incisor.When she smiles, she looks like a Huoyaba. So cute. My sister likes red color. She always wears red hat, therefore i often call her "little red hat".
9. 烏帽子親的簡介
貴族男子在行元服禮的時候,會由一位德高望重或者有權有勢的人為他戴上烏帽子,繫上帽帶,並且擬定一個大名。這位執行儀式的人就被稱為「烏帽子親」,他通過為少年男子行元服禮,從此就與此男子結為父子之親,不但要關照此男子,還經常把自己名字里的一個字賜給對方。織田信長就曾經應長宗我部元親之請,當了元親嫡長子的烏帽子親,下賜一字,給這孩子取名為長宗我部信親。
10. 英語問題,高手,請!
動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.4 一般將來時
1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?
2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?
b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。
2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。
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11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
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11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)
I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
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11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.13 since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。
3) since +從句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
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11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.15 過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
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11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.17 將來完成時
1) 構成will have done
2) 概念
a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。
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11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
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11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
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11.20 過去進行時
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。
3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。